Through which means can roots penetrate collection systems?

Roots can penetrate collection systems primarily through cracked pipes. When pipes become cracked due to age, ground movement, or other external stressors, they create openings that roots can exploit. The moisture and nutrients found in wastewater draw the roots towards these openings, allowing them to grow into the pipe system. Once inside, the roots can obstruct flow, cause additional structural damage, and lead to costly repairs.

While other options may relate to issues within wastewater systems, they do not typically facilitate root intrusion in the same direct manner. Faulty valves, for example, do not generally create a pathway for root penetration, nor do misaligned joints or high water pressure provide the same openings that cracks do. Understanding the specific mechanism by which roots invade these systems is essential for effective maintenance and prevention strategies in wastewater management.