Infiltration can occur in a pipe under what conditions?

Infiltration occurs when groundwater enters a sewer pipeline, which typically happens when there are vulnerabilities in the pipe structure, such as cracks or breaks. When a pipe is cracked or broken, the integrity is compromised, allowing water from the surrounding soil to seep into the sewer system. This can lead to various issues, including overloading the system, increasing treatment costs, and potential environmental impacts due to untreated wastewater entering natural water bodies. Proper maintenance and inspection of sewer lines are crucial to identify and repair any structural issues to prevent infiltration, maintaining the efficiency and effectiveness of the collection system.